사이버인권 보호를 위한 법률 제안 - 정보통신망법
정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률(이하 정보통신망법) 개정 제안
1. 강제적 인터넷 실명제(제한적 본인확인제)는 폐지되어야 합니다.
본인확인을 강제하는 것은 헌법상 기본권인 익명 표현의 자유를 침해합니다. 또한 내부 고발자나 권력에 대한 비판 발언을 위축시킬 수 있습니다. '인터넷 역기능'에 대응한다는 정부의 주장과 달리, 오히려 주민등록번호의 도용과 개인정보 유출을 부추기고 있습니다. 익명이든 실명이든 게시판의 형태는 다양하고, 인증의 방법도 다양합니다. 어떠한 게시판 시스템을 채택할 것인지는 개별 인터넷 공동체가 자신의 필요에 따라 결정할 문제이지, 정부가 특정한 시스템을 무조건 강제해서는 안됩니다.
2. 규제되는 표현은 법률에 명확히 규정되어야 합니다.
헌법재판소는 "불명확한 규범에 의한 표현의 자유의 규제는 헌법상 보호받는 표현에 대한 위축적 효과를 수반"하며, "표현의 자유를 규제하는 법률은 규제되는 표현의 개념을 세밀하고 명확하게 규정할 것이 헌법적으로 요구된다."고 천명한 바 있습니다. 그러나 현행 정보통신망법은 규제 대상을 모호하게 규정하여(제44조의7 1항 9호, 그 밖에 범죄를 목적으로 하거나 교사(교사) 또는 방조하는 내용의 정보) 정부의 자의적인 검열을 가능하게 하고 있습니다. 법에도 명시되어 있지 않은 보수신문 광고주 불매운동 관련 게시물을 불법정보로 삭제한 것이 대표적인 사례입니다. 위헌적인 정보통신망법 제44조의7 1항 9호는 삭제되어야 합니다.
3. 표현의 불법성은 사법적 판단에 근거해야 합니다.
현행 정보통신망법은 방송통신심의위원회의 시정요구나 방송통신위원회의 명령을 통해, 사법부의 판단도 없이 행정기관의 자의적 결정에 의해 인터넷 사업자가 게시글을 삭제하도록 하고 있습니다. 이는 위헌적인 정부의 검열입니다. 불법성 여부에 대해 게시자가 사법적 판단을 구할 수 있는 권리를 부여해야 합니다.
4. 명예훼손 등 사인간의 권리침해 분쟁은 신속한 분쟁해결 제도를 통해 해결해야 합니다.
인터넷 상의 게시물에 의해 실제로 인권침해가 발생할 수도 있습니다. 반면 명예훼손 등 권리침해를 빌미로 권력자들이 사회적 약자의 표현을 통제하려고 합니다. 예를 들어 사측의 요청으로 이랜드 노조의 주장을 담은 게시물이 임시조치된 바 있습니다. 게시물로 인한 인권 피해를 최소화하면서도, 정당한 표현은 보장하는 방안이 모색되어야 합니다. 이에 따라 잠재적 피해자의 요청이 있으면 신속히 임시조치를 취하되, 게시자의 이의신청이 있으면 게시물을 '복구'하고 분쟁조정기관을 통해 신속히 '분쟁조정'을 하도록 해야합니다. 이와함께 양 당사자가 분쟁조정 결과에 대해 이의가 있을 경우 사법적 판단을 받을 수 있도록 보장해야 합니다.
5. 인터넷 서비스 제공자(ISP)가 사적 검열기관이 되어서는 안됩니다.
ISP가 정부 검열을 대리하는 사적 검열기관이 될 것을 강요해서는 안됩니다. ISP는 이용자들의 자율적인 표현과 소통을 매개하는 중립적인 전달자일 뿐입니다. 현재 정부가 추진하고 있는 '모니터링 의무화'는 ISP의 자의적인 검열을 강요하는 것이므로 철회되어야 합니다. ISP의 자의적인 판단에 의한 게시물 삭제는 최대한 배제해야 하며, 권리침해 게시물이나 불법정보의 처리에 대해 법에서 정한 최소한의 절차를 따르면 법적 책임을 지지않도록(면책)해야 합니다.
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자료- 사이버인권법 제정을 위한 국회 토론회, 2008.12.3
- '정보통신망 이용촉진 및 정보보호 등에 관한 법률 전부개정안'에 대한 의견서, 2008.9.10
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사이버모욕죄
통신비밀보호법
강제적인터넷실명제
정보통신망법 제안
통신비밀보호법 개정 제안